Class 9th Science Tamilnadu Board Solution
Multiple Choice Questions- A big tree falls in a forest but its roots are still in contact with the soil. The…
- The tropic movement that helps the climbing vines to find a suitable support is…
- The chemical reaction occurs during photosynthesis is _____________.A. CO2 is reduced and…
- Transpiration is best defined as __________.A. loss of water by the plant B. evaporation…
Work Book Fill In The Blanks- The solar tracking of sunflower in accordance with the path of sun is due to ___________.…
- The response of a plant part towards gravity is __________.
- When the leaves of a sensitive plant are touched with a finger, they fold up and when…
- Opening and closing of Moon flower is not a tropism because the movement in this is…
- The raw materials for photosynthesis are _________ and _______.
- When iodine solution is added for testing starch, part of the leaf with _______ turn…
- In leaves, the food is stored in the form of _________.
- Plants may inhale carbon dioxide for photosynthesis but need _________ for their living.…
- Plants utilize only _______% of the absorbed water for photosynthesis and the other…
- Plants inhale and exhale continuously through the ________.
Work Book True Or False- When the leaves of Mimosa pudica plant are touched with the finger, they fold up quickly.…
- The petals of moon flower open up in morning and closes in the evening. This is called…
- Photosynthesis produces glucose and carbon dioxide.
- Photosynthesis is important in releasing oxygen to keep the atmosphere in balance.…
- Plants lose water when the stomata on leaves are closed.
Work Book Match The FollowingWork Book Answer In A Word Or Two- Give the technical terms for the following: a) Growth dependent movement in plants. b)…
- Study the pictures below and then complete the table by putting a plus (+) if the shoot or…
- Name the movement seen in Pneumatophores of Avicennia.
- What is the other name for thigmonasty?
- Which flowering plant shows photonasty just opposite to that of Dandelion?…
- Give an example for negative hydrotropism.
- Fill in the blanks:
- Which gas is evolved during photosynthesis?
- What is chlorophyll?
- Give an example for micronutrients.
Work Book Answer The Following In One Or Two Sentences- Name the part of plant which shows positive geotropism. Why?
- What does a Mimosa pudica plant do in response to touch? What is the phenomenon known as?…
- i) What happens to the dandelion flower a) during the daytime? b) at night? ii) What is…
- What is the difference between movement of flower in sunflower plant and closing of the…
- Define photosynthesis.
- Suppose you have a rose plant growing in a pot, how will you demonstrate transpiration in…
- Draw the diagram of open stoma and label the parts.
- A potted plant is kept horizontally for a considerable time. The three positions of the…
- Complete the following table with the different types of tropism:…
- Cover the tip of the shoot with tin foil cap and light it from the side as shown in the…
- In the given photosynthetic experiment, what will happen to the leaf closed with black…
- Label the diagram with the raw materials and products of photosynthesis.…
- Mention the differences between stomatal and lenticular transpiration.…
- Give an example for the movement plant part which is very quick and can be observed…
- To which directional stimuli do (a) roots respond (b) shoots respond?…
- Name the cell that surrounds the stoma.
Work Book Assertion Reason- Assertion (A): If the plant part moves in the direction of gravity, it is called positive…
- Assertion (A): The loss of excess water from the aerial parts of the plant in the form of…
Work Book Hots- There are 3 plants A, B and C. The flowers of A open their petals in bright light during…
- While conducting experiments to study the effects of various stimuli on the plants, it was…
- An organism A which cannot move from one place to another makes a simple food B from the…
- Imagine that student A studied the importance of certain factors in photosynthesis. He…
True Or False- The response of a plant part to the chemical stimulus is called phototropism.…
- Shoot is positively phototropic and negatively geotropic.
- Scientific term used to represent the bending of roots towards water is called geotropism.…
- Joseph Priestley devised an experiment to find out that water alone was the cause of the…
- When the weather is hot, water evaporates lesser which is due to opening of stomata.…
Fill In The Blanks- The shoot system grows upward in response to ___________
- __________ is positively hydrotropic as well as positively geotropic.…
- The green pigment present in the plant is __________
- The minerals like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, are required in substantial quantity…
Match The FollowingAnalog- Towards a stimulus :_____________ Away from the stimulus : Negative tropism…
- Hydrotropism : Response towards water Phototropism : ___________
- Photosynthesis : ____________ Transpiration : Stomata
Answer In A Word Or Two- Give an example for a plant whose leaf shows a mesmerizing movement.…
- Write the scientific terms used to represent the following: a) Growing of roots towards…
- Observe the given picture. a) Identify this plant. What type of special movement is shown…
- What is the end product of photosynthesis?
- Name the minute openings seen on the lower surface of the leaf.
Answer The Following In One Or Two Sentences- What is nastic movement?
- Name the plant part a) Which bends in the direction of gravity but away from the light. b)…
- Differentiate phototropism from photonasty.
- Photosynthesis converts energy X into energy Y. a) What are X and Y? b) Green plants are…
- Define transpiration.
Answer In DetailWork Book Mcq- The bending of root of a plant in response to water is called __________.A. thigmonasty B.…
- A growing seedling is kept in the dark room. A burning candle is placed near it for a few…
- The root of the plant is __________. i) positively phototropic but negatively geotropic…
- The plant part which exhibits negative geotropism is __________.A. root B. stem C. branch…
- The non-directional movement of a plant part in response to temperature is called…
- Dandelion flowers open the petals in bright light during the day time but close the petals…
- During photosynthesis plants exhale ________.A. Carbon dioxide B. oxygen C. hydrogen D.…
- Chlorophyll in a leaf is required for __________.A. photosynthesis B. transpiration C.…
- A plant is kept in a dark room for about 24 hours before conducting any experiment on…
- Transpiration takes place through _____________.A. fruit B. seed C. flower D. stomata…
- A big tree falls in a forest but its roots are still in contact with the soil. The…
- The tropic movement that helps the climbing vines to find a suitable support is…
- The chemical reaction occurs during photosynthesis is _____________.A. CO2 is reduced and…
- Transpiration is best defined as __________.A. loss of water by the plant B. evaporation…
- The solar tracking of sunflower in accordance with the path of sun is due to ___________.…
- The response of a plant part towards gravity is __________.
- When the leaves of a sensitive plant are touched with a finger, they fold up and when…
- Opening and closing of Moon flower is not a tropism because the movement in this is…
- The raw materials for photosynthesis are _________ and _______.
- When iodine solution is added for testing starch, part of the leaf with _______ turn…
- In leaves, the food is stored in the form of _________.
- Plants may inhale carbon dioxide for photosynthesis but need _________ for their living.…
- Plants utilize only _______% of the absorbed water for photosynthesis and the other…
- Plants inhale and exhale continuously through the ________.
- When the leaves of Mimosa pudica plant are touched with the finger, they fold up quickly.…
- The petals of moon flower open up in morning and closes in the evening. This is called…
- Photosynthesis produces glucose and carbon dioxide.
- Photosynthesis is important in releasing oxygen to keep the atmosphere in balance.…
- Plants lose water when the stomata on leaves are closed.
- Give the technical terms for the following: a) Growth dependent movement in plants. b)…
- Study the pictures below and then complete the table by putting a plus (+) if the shoot or…
- Name the movement seen in Pneumatophores of Avicennia.
- What is the other name for thigmonasty?
- Which flowering plant shows photonasty just opposite to that of Dandelion?…
- Give an example for negative hydrotropism.
- Fill in the blanks:
- Which gas is evolved during photosynthesis?
- What is chlorophyll?
- Give an example for micronutrients.
- Name the part of plant which shows positive geotropism. Why?
- What does a Mimosa pudica plant do in response to touch? What is the phenomenon known as?…
- i) What happens to the dandelion flower a) during the daytime? b) at night? ii) What is…
- What is the difference between movement of flower in sunflower plant and closing of the…
- Define photosynthesis.
- Suppose you have a rose plant growing in a pot, how will you demonstrate transpiration in…
- Draw the diagram of open stoma and label the parts.
- A potted plant is kept horizontally for a considerable time. The three positions of the…
- Complete the following table with the different types of tropism:…
- Cover the tip of the shoot with tin foil cap and light it from the side as shown in the…
- In the given photosynthetic experiment, what will happen to the leaf closed with black…
- Label the diagram with the raw materials and products of photosynthesis.…
- Mention the differences between stomatal and lenticular transpiration.…
- Give an example for the movement plant part which is very quick and can be observed…
- To which directional stimuli do (a) roots respond (b) shoots respond?…
- Name the cell that surrounds the stoma.
- Assertion (A): If the plant part moves in the direction of gravity, it is called positive…
- Assertion (A): The loss of excess water from the aerial parts of the plant in the form of…
- There are 3 plants A, B and C. The flowers of A open their petals in bright light during…
- While conducting experiments to study the effects of various stimuli on the plants, it was…
- An organism A which cannot move from one place to another makes a simple food B from the…
- Imagine that student A studied the importance of certain factors in photosynthesis. He…
- The response of a plant part to the chemical stimulus is called phototropism.…
- Shoot is positively phototropic and negatively geotropic.
- Scientific term used to represent the bending of roots towards water is called geotropism.…
- Joseph Priestley devised an experiment to find out that water alone was the cause of the…
- When the weather is hot, water evaporates lesser which is due to opening of stomata.…
- The shoot system grows upward in response to ___________
- __________ is positively hydrotropic as well as positively geotropic.…
- The green pigment present in the plant is __________
- The minerals like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, are required in substantial quantity…
- Towards a stimulus :_____________ Away from the stimulus : Negative tropism…
- Hydrotropism : Response towards water Phototropism : ___________
- Photosynthesis : ____________ Transpiration : Stomata
- Give an example for a plant whose leaf shows a mesmerizing movement.…
- Write the scientific terms used to represent the following: a) Growing of roots towards…
- Observe the given picture. a) Identify this plant. What type of special movement is shown…
- What is the end product of photosynthesis?
- Name the minute openings seen on the lower surface of the leaf.
- What is nastic movement?
- Name the plant part a) Which bends in the direction of gravity but away from the light. b)…
- Differentiate phototropism from photonasty.
- Photosynthesis converts energy X into energy Y. a) What are X and Y? b) Green plants are…
- Define transpiration.
- The bending of root of a plant in response to water is called __________.A. thigmonasty B.…
- A growing seedling is kept in the dark room. A burning candle is placed near it for a few…
- The root of the plant is __________. i) positively phototropic but negatively geotropic…
- The plant part which exhibits negative geotropism is __________.A. root B. stem C. branch…
- The non-directional movement of a plant part in response to temperature is called…
- Dandelion flowers open the petals in bright light during the day time but close the petals…
- During photosynthesis plants exhale ________.A. Carbon dioxide B. oxygen C. hydrogen D.…
- Chlorophyll in a leaf is required for __________.A. photosynthesis B. transpiration C.…
- A plant is kept in a dark room for about 24 hours before conducting any experiment on…
- Transpiration takes place through _____________.A. fruit B. seed C. flower D. stomata…
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.A big tree falls in a forest but its roots are still in contact with the soil. The branches of this fallen tree straight up. This happens in response to ___________.
A. water and light
B. water and minerals
C. gravity and water
D. light and gravity
Answer:Shoots are positively phototropic so they bend towards light whereas roots grow towards earth’s gravity i.e. they are positively geotropic. So roots are in contact with soil and branches grow straight.
Question 2.The tropic movement that helps the climbing vines to find a suitable support is __________.
A. phototropism
B. geotropism
C. thigmotropism
D. chemotropism
Answer:The growth movement of plants in response to touch stimulus is called thigmotropism. Vines when get any support they coil around the support and grows and this type of tropic movement is called thigmotropism.
Question 3.The chemical reaction occurs during photosynthesis is _____________.
A. CO2 is reduced and water is oxidized
B. water is reduced and CO2 is oxidized
C. both CO2 and water are oxidized
D. both CO2 and water are produced
Answer:Water gets oxidised to form oxygen. Water splits by absorbing light energy to form oxygen. This is known as photolysis of water. Carbon dioxide is reduced to form glucose in dark phase of photosynthesis reaction by help of some enzymes.
Question 4.Transpiration is best defined as __________.
A. loss of water by the plant
B. evaporation of water from the aerial surfaces from the plant
C. loss of water in the form of water vapour from the underground parts of the plant body
D. release of water from the plant into the atmosphere
Answer:Transpiration is the loss of water in form of water vapours from the aerial parts of the plant like leaves, stem etc. There are minute openings called stomata on leaves surface and lenticels on surface of old, woody stem through which water is lost.
A big tree falls in a forest but its roots are still in contact with the soil. The branches of this fallen tree straight up. This happens in response to ___________.
A. water and light
B. water and minerals
C. gravity and water
D. light and gravity
Answer:
Shoots are positively phototropic so they bend towards light whereas roots grow towards earth’s gravity i.e. they are positively geotropic. So roots are in contact with soil and branches grow straight.
Question 2.
The tropic movement that helps the climbing vines to find a suitable support is __________.
A. phototropism
B. geotropism
C. thigmotropism
D. chemotropism
Answer:
The growth movement of plants in response to touch stimulus is called thigmotropism. Vines when get any support they coil around the support and grows and this type of tropic movement is called thigmotropism.
Question 3.
The chemical reaction occurs during photosynthesis is _____________.
A. CO2 is reduced and water is oxidized
B. water is reduced and CO2 is oxidized
C. both CO2 and water are oxidized
D. both CO2 and water are produced
Answer:
Water gets oxidised to form oxygen. Water splits by absorbing light energy to form oxygen. This is known as photolysis of water. Carbon dioxide is reduced to form glucose in dark phase of photosynthesis reaction by help of some enzymes.
Question 4.
Transpiration is best defined as __________.
A. loss of water by the plant
B. evaporation of water from the aerial surfaces from the plant
C. loss of water in the form of water vapour from the underground parts of the plant body
D. release of water from the plant into the atmosphere
Answer:
Transpiration is the loss of water in form of water vapours from the aerial parts of the plant like leaves, stem etc. There are minute openings called stomata on leaves surface and lenticels on surface of old, woody stem through which water is lost.
Work Book Fill In The Blanks
Question 1.The solar tracking of sunflower in accordance with the path of sun is due to ___________.
Answer:Heliotropism
It is the motion of flower in response to the direction of sun. Sunflower follows the path of sun from east to west from dawn to dusk. Then it moves from west to east during night.
Question 2.The response of a plant part towards gravity is __________.
Answer:Positive Geotropism
The movement of plant parts in response to gravity of earth is called geotropism. If the plant parts like root moves towards earth’s gravity it is called positive geotropism.
Question 3.When the leaves of a sensitive plant are touched with a finger, they fold up and when light fades at dusk the petals of a Dandelion flower close. These two plants show ____ and_____ movements.
Answer:Thigmonastic and photonastic movements.
When we touch the leaves of Touch-me-not they droop down, this response to touch stimulus is called thigmonastic movement. Dandelion flowers open their petals in bright light during day time and close their petals at night which is an example of photonastic movements.
Question 4.Opening and closing of Moon flower is not a tropism because the movement in this is ______.
Answer:Non-directional
In case of tropic movements movement of plant parts are directional i.e. either towards or away from the stimulus. But in case of nastic movements they are non-directional i.e. their movement is neither towards the stimulus nor away from the stimulus.
Question 5.The raw materials for photosynthesis are _________ and _______.
Answer:Carbon dioxide and water
Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials required for photosynthesis which in presence of chlorophyll and sunlight energy gets converted into glucose and oxygen. This process mainly occurs in leaves.
Question 6.When iodine solution is added for testing starch, part of the leaf with _______ turn blue-black colour.
Answer:Starch
When iodine solution is added to the leaf the portion of leaf which contains starch turns blue-black colour whereas those portion which does not contain any starch turns brown colour.
Question 7.In leaves, the food is stored in the form of _________.
Answer:Starch
Glucose is synthesized in leaves by photosynthesis process some of glucose is utilized by the plants whereas the remaining glucose is stored in form of starch in the leaves.
Question 8.Plants may inhale carbon dioxide for photosynthesis but need _________ for their living.
Answer:Oxygen
Oxygen is required for living because it oxidises glucose to release energy in form of ATP that is required to carry out various metabolic activities.
Question 9.Plants utilize only _______% of the absorbed water for photosynthesis and the other activities.
Answer:1%
Only about 1% of absorbed water by roots is utilized for photosynthesis and other activities remaining 99% is lost in form of vapours from the plants.
Question 10.Plants inhale and exhale continuously through the ________.
Answer:Stomata
Through stomata exchange of gases occurs. Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out during respiration but in photosynthesis carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given out.
The solar tracking of sunflower in accordance with the path of sun is due to ___________.
Answer:
Heliotropism
It is the motion of flower in response to the direction of sun. Sunflower follows the path of sun from east to west from dawn to dusk. Then it moves from west to east during night.
Question 2.
The response of a plant part towards gravity is __________.
Answer:
Positive Geotropism
The movement of plant parts in response to gravity of earth is called geotropism. If the plant parts like root moves towards earth’s gravity it is called positive geotropism.
Question 3.
When the leaves of a sensitive plant are touched with a finger, they fold up and when light fades at dusk the petals of a Dandelion flower close. These two plants show ____ and_____ movements.
Answer:
Thigmonastic and photonastic movements.
When we touch the leaves of Touch-me-not they droop down, this response to touch stimulus is called thigmonastic movement. Dandelion flowers open their petals in bright light during day time and close their petals at night which is an example of photonastic movements.
Question 4.
Opening and closing of Moon flower is not a tropism because the movement in this is ______.
Answer:
Non-directional
In case of tropic movements movement of plant parts are directional i.e. either towards or away from the stimulus. But in case of nastic movements they are non-directional i.e. their movement is neither towards the stimulus nor away from the stimulus.
Question 5.
The raw materials for photosynthesis are _________ and _______.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide and water
Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials required for photosynthesis which in presence of chlorophyll and sunlight energy gets converted into glucose and oxygen. This process mainly occurs in leaves.
Question 6.
When iodine solution is added for testing starch, part of the leaf with _______ turn blue-black colour.
Answer:
Starch
When iodine solution is added to the leaf the portion of leaf which contains starch turns blue-black colour whereas those portion which does not contain any starch turns brown colour.
Question 7.
In leaves, the food is stored in the form of _________.
Answer:
Starch
Glucose is synthesized in leaves by photosynthesis process some of glucose is utilized by the plants whereas the remaining glucose is stored in form of starch in the leaves.
Question 8.
Plants may inhale carbon dioxide for photosynthesis but need _________ for their living.
Answer:
Oxygen
Oxygen is required for living because it oxidises glucose to release energy in form of ATP that is required to carry out various metabolic activities.
Question 9.
Plants utilize only _______% of the absorbed water for photosynthesis and the other activities.
Answer:
1%
Only about 1% of absorbed water by roots is utilized for photosynthesis and other activities remaining 99% is lost in form of vapours from the plants.
Question 10.
Plants inhale and exhale continuously through the ________.
Answer:
Stomata
Through stomata exchange of gases occurs. Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out during respiration but in photosynthesis carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given out.
Work Book True Or False
Question 1.When the leaves of Mimosa pudica plant are touched with the finger, they fold up quickly. This is an example of thigmonasty.
Answer:True
When we touch the leaves of Mimosapudica plant the leaves gets folded up because due to loss of turgor pressure and this non-directional movement in response to touch stimulus is called thigmonasty.
Question 2.The petals of moon flower open up in morning and closes in the evening. This is called photonasty.
Answer:False
The petals of moon flower open up in night and closes in the morning which is an example of photonasty.
This non-directional movement of flower to the stimulus light is called photonastic movement.
Question 3.Photosynthesis produces glucose and carbon dioxide.
Answer:False
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen.
During photosynthesis process carbon dioxide and water in presence of chlorophyll and sunlight produces glucose and oxygen.
Question 4.Photosynthesis is important in releasing oxygen to keep the atmosphere in balance.
Answer:True
In photosynthesis process carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given out and oxygen is the life supporter which is required by every living organisms for respiration process. It also supports combustion. Hence oxygen is used up rapidly so plants release this gas by photosynthesis process to maintain the balance in the environment.
Question 5.Plants lose water when the stomata on leaves are closed.
Answer:False
Plants lose water when the stomata on leaves are open.
When stomata are open during day time water is lost through these openings by the plants.
When the leaves of Mimosa pudica plant are touched with the finger, they fold up quickly. This is an example of thigmonasty.
Answer:
True
When we touch the leaves of Mimosapudica plant the leaves gets folded up because due to loss of turgor pressure and this non-directional movement in response to touch stimulus is called thigmonasty.
Question 2.
The petals of moon flower open up in morning and closes in the evening. This is called photonasty.
Answer:
False
The petals of moon flower open up in night and closes in the morning which is an example of photonasty.
This non-directional movement of flower to the stimulus light is called photonastic movement.
Question 3.
Photosynthesis produces glucose and carbon dioxide.
Answer:
False
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen.
During photosynthesis process carbon dioxide and water in presence of chlorophyll and sunlight produces glucose and oxygen.
Question 4.
Photosynthesis is important in releasing oxygen to keep the atmosphere in balance.
Answer:
True
In photosynthesis process carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given out and oxygen is the life supporter which is required by every living organisms for respiration process. It also supports combustion. Hence oxygen is used up rapidly so plants release this gas by photosynthesis process to maintain the balance in the environment.
Question 5.
Plants lose water when the stomata on leaves are closed.
Answer:
False
Plants lose water when the stomata on leaves are open.
When stomata are open during day time water is lost through these openings by the plants.
Work Book Match The Following
Question 1.Match the following:
Answer:
1. Moon flower closes at day time but opens during night time. This non-directional movement in response to stimulus light is called photonasty.
2. Mimosapudica closes its leaves when slightly touched and this non-directional movement in response to stimulus touch is called thigmonasty.
3. Tulipasp. responds to temperature and this movement is called thermonasty.
Match the following:
Answer:
1. Moon flower closes at day time but opens during night time. This non-directional movement in response to stimulus light is called photonasty.
2. Mimosapudica closes its leaves when slightly touched and this non-directional movement in response to stimulus touch is called thigmonasty.
3. Tulipasp. responds to temperature and this movement is called thermonasty.
Work Book Answer In A Word Or Two
Question 1.Give the technical terms for the following:
a) Growth dependent movement in plants.
b) Growth independent movement in plants.
Answer:a. Tropic movements
Tropic movements are growth dependent movements occurring in response to external stimuli like light, temperature, water, earth’s gravity etc.
b. Nastic movements
Nastic movements are growth independent movements which occur in flowers and leaves of the plants mainly in response to stimuli like touch, light, temperature etc.
Question 2.Study the pictures below and then complete the table by putting a plus (+) if the shoot or root grows towards the stimulus and a minus (-) if it grows away from it.
Answer:
Shoot grows towards the stimulus light whereas away from gravity of earth. Similarly root grows away from light and bends towards gravity of earth.
Question 3.Name the movement seen in Pneumatophores of Avicennia.
Answer:Nastic movement is seen in pneumatophores of Avicennia.
Question 4.What is the other name for thigmonasty?
Answer:Thigmonasty is also called seismonasty.
The non-directional movements which occurs in response to touch is called thigmonasty or seismonasty.
Question 5.Which flowering plant shows photonasty just opposite to that of Dandelion?
Answer:Moon flower closes its petals during day time and open at night time which is opposite to that of Dandelion.
Question 6.Give an example for negative hydrotropism.
Answer:Shoot grows away from water is an example for negative hydrotropism.
Question 7.Fill in the blanks:
Answer:6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2↑
Glucose and oxygen are the products of photosynthesis process.
Question 8.Which gas is evolved during photosynthesis?
Answer:Oxygen gas is evolved during photosynthesis.
Water gets splits by absorbing photons from sunlight energy which release oxygen gas.
Question 9.What is chlorophyll?
Answer:Chlorophyll is a green pigment present in chloroplast of leaves which traps sunlight energy for photosynthesis process.
Question 10.Give an example for micronutrients.
Answer:Micronutrients are required in very minute quantities by plants. Examples are iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper etc.
Give the technical terms for the following:
a) Growth dependent movement in plants.
b) Growth independent movement in plants.
Answer:
a. Tropic movements
Tropic movements are growth dependent movements occurring in response to external stimuli like light, temperature, water, earth’s gravity etc.
b. Nastic movements
Nastic movements are growth independent movements which occur in flowers and leaves of the plants mainly in response to stimuli like touch, light, temperature etc.
Question 2.
Study the pictures below and then complete the table by putting a plus (+) if the shoot or root grows towards the stimulus and a minus (-) if it grows away from it.
Answer:
Shoot grows towards the stimulus light whereas away from gravity of earth. Similarly root grows away from light and bends towards gravity of earth.
Question 3.
Name the movement seen in Pneumatophores of Avicennia.
Answer:
Nastic movement is seen in pneumatophores of Avicennia.
Question 4.
What is the other name for thigmonasty?
Answer:
Thigmonasty is also called seismonasty.
The non-directional movements which occurs in response to touch is called thigmonasty or seismonasty.
Question 5.
Which flowering plant shows photonasty just opposite to that of Dandelion?
Answer:
Moon flower closes its petals during day time and open at night time which is opposite to that of Dandelion.
Question 6.
Give an example for negative hydrotropism.
Answer:
Shoot grows away from water is an example for negative hydrotropism.
Question 7.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:
6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2↑
Glucose and oxygen are the products of photosynthesis process.
Question 8.
Which gas is evolved during photosynthesis?
Answer:
Oxygen gas is evolved during photosynthesis.
Water gets splits by absorbing photons from sunlight energy which release oxygen gas.
Question 9.
What is chlorophyll?
Answer:
Chlorophyll is a green pigment present in chloroplast of leaves which traps sunlight energy for photosynthesis process.
Question 10.
Give an example for micronutrients.
Answer:
Micronutrients are required in very minute quantities by plants. Examples are iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper etc.
Work Book Answer The Following In One Or Two Sentences
Question 1.Name the part of plant which shows positive geotropism. Why?
Answer:Root shows positive geotropism because root bends towards earth’s gravity and the movement of plant parts towards a stimulus is called positive tropism.
Question 2.What does a Mimosa pudica plant do in response to touch? What is the phenomenon known as?
Answer:When we touch the leaves of Mimosapudica plant the leaves droop down due to loss of turgor pressure. This phenomenon is known as thigmonasty or seismonasty.
Question 3.i) What happens to the dandelion flower
a) during the daytime?
b) at night?
ii) What is the phenomenon known as?
Answer:i.
a. During day time dandelion flower opens its petals.
b. During night time it closes its petals.
ii. This phenomenon is known as photonasty i.e. non-directional movements of flowers in response to stimulus of light.
Question 4.What is the difference between movement of flower in sunflower plant and closing of the leaves in the Mimosa pudica.?
Answer:Sunflower moves from east to west during day time in direction of sun and this movement is called heliotropism i.e. movement of flower in response to stimulus sunlight. Again in evening time it moves from west to east direction. The leaves of Mimosapudica droops down when touched and this is an example of thigmonasty i.e. movement of leaves in response to stimulus touch.
Question 5.Define photosynthesis.
Answer:Photo means light and synthesis means to build. It is the process by which cells containing chlorophyll by using carbon dioxide and water in presence of sunlight will synthesise glucose and oxygen gas is evolved as by-product.
Question 6.Suppose you have a rose plant growing in a pot, how will you demonstrate transpiration in it?
Answer:The process of transpiration can be demonstrated by tying a polythene bag around the rose plant and keeping the plant in sunlight for one or two hours. Droplets of water would be seen on the inner sides of polythene bag due to transpiration.
Question 7.Draw the diagram of open stoma and label the parts.
Answer:
Stomata are minute openings present on surface of leaves whose opening and closing are guarded by guard cells. Guard cells have thick inner walls and thin outer walls. They have chloroplasts within them. Stomata open during day time when guard cells turn turgid. The cells surrounding the guard cells are called epidermal cells.
Question 8.A potted plant is kept horizontally for a considerable time. The three positions of the part A and B of the potted plant are shown in the following figures.
(i) Potted plant with shoot and root growing downward. (Diagram to be drawn)
(ii) 
(iii) Potted plant with shoot and root growing upward (Diagram to be drawn)
a) Which figure shows the correct position taken by the parts A and B of the plant?
b) What type of phenomenon is exhibited by the figure by (A) in the figure (ii)?
Answer:(a) Fig. ii shows correct position. Because roots are positively geotropic so they bends towards earth’s gravity downwards. Shoots are positively phototropic so they bend towards light i.e. move upwards.
(b) Shoot bends towards light so they exhibit positive phototropism. The movement of plant parts in response to stimulus light is called phototropism and as the shoot bends towards light so it is positive phototropism.
Question 9.Complete the following table with the different types of tropism:
Answer:
The directional movement of plant parts in response to stimulus light is called phototropism. The directional movement of plant parts in response to stimulus earth’s gravity is called geotropism. The directional movement of plant parts in response to water is called hydrotropism. Roots bend away from light so they are negatively phototropic. Roots bend towards water and earth’s gravity so they are positively hydrotropic and geotropic respectively. Shoot bends towards light but bends away from earth’s gravity so it is positively phototropic but negatively geotropic. It shows no response to water.
Question 10.Cover the tip of the shoot with tin foil cap and light it from the side as shown in the given picture. What would you expect to happen? Why?
Answer:As tips of shoot are covered with tin foil cap the shoot does not show any bending towards light. Because light cannot penetrate through tin foil cap to reach shoot tip to break down auxin. Auxin are responsible for bending of shoot tip towards light.
Question 11.In the given photosynthetic experiment, what will happen to the leaf closed with black paper in starch test? Why?
Answer:When the portion of leaf covered with black paper is tested for starch it will show brown colouration i.e. indication of absence of starch as that portion of leaf does not receive sunlight so photosynthesis cannot occur.
Question 12.Label the diagram with the raw materials and products of photosynthesis.
Answer:A- water, B- carbon dioxide, C- oxygen, D- glucose
Chlorophyll containing cells in leaves trap sunlight energy and by using raw materials carbon dioxide and water synthesize glucose and release oxygen gas into atmosphere. This process is called photosynthesis.
Question 13.Mention the differences between stomatal and lenticular transpiration.
Answer:
Question 14.Give an example for the movement plant part which is very quick and can be observed easily.
Answer:Thigmonastic or seismonastic movement- where when we touch the leaves of Mimosapudica plant its leaves droop down and this movement is immediate, quick and easily noticed. This is non-directional movement in response to stimulus touch.
Question 15.To which directional stimuli do (a) roots respond (b) shoots respond?
Answer:Roots bend towards gravity and water but bends away from light. Shoots bend towards light but away from gravity. It shows no response to water.
Question 16.Name the cell that surrounds the stoma.
Answer:Guard cells surround the stoma. They are bean or kidney shaped. They have thick inner walls but thin outer walls. When they become turgid the stomata opens during day time. But at night time the guard cells turn flaccid closing the stomata.
Name the part of plant which shows positive geotropism. Why?
Answer:
Root shows positive geotropism because root bends towards earth’s gravity and the movement of plant parts towards a stimulus is called positive tropism.
Question 2.
What does a Mimosa pudica plant do in response to touch? What is the phenomenon known as?
Answer:
When we touch the leaves of Mimosapudica plant the leaves droop down due to loss of turgor pressure. This phenomenon is known as thigmonasty or seismonasty.
Question 3.
i) What happens to the dandelion flower
a) during the daytime?
b) at night?
ii) What is the phenomenon known as?
Answer:
i.
a. During day time dandelion flower opens its petals.
b. During night time it closes its petals.
ii. This phenomenon is known as photonasty i.e. non-directional movements of flowers in response to stimulus of light.
Question 4.
What is the difference between movement of flower in sunflower plant and closing of the leaves in the Mimosa pudica.?
Answer:
Sunflower moves from east to west during day time in direction of sun and this movement is called heliotropism i.e. movement of flower in response to stimulus sunlight. Again in evening time it moves from west to east direction. The leaves of Mimosapudica droops down when touched and this is an example of thigmonasty i.e. movement of leaves in response to stimulus touch.
Question 5.
Define photosynthesis.
Answer:
Photo means light and synthesis means to build. It is the process by which cells containing chlorophyll by using carbon dioxide and water in presence of sunlight will synthesise glucose and oxygen gas is evolved as by-product.
Question 6.
Suppose you have a rose plant growing in a pot, how will you demonstrate transpiration in it?
Answer:
The process of transpiration can be demonstrated by tying a polythene bag around the rose plant and keeping the plant in sunlight for one or two hours. Droplets of water would be seen on the inner sides of polythene bag due to transpiration.
Question 7.
Draw the diagram of open stoma and label the parts.
Answer:
Stomata are minute openings present on surface of leaves whose opening and closing are guarded by guard cells. Guard cells have thick inner walls and thin outer walls. They have chloroplasts within them. Stomata open during day time when guard cells turn turgid. The cells surrounding the guard cells are called epidermal cells.
Question 8.
A potted plant is kept horizontally for a considerable time. The three positions of the part A and B of the potted plant are shown in the following figures.
(i) Potted plant with shoot and root growing downward. (Diagram to be drawn)
(ii)
(iii) Potted plant with shoot and root growing upward (Diagram to be drawn)
a) Which figure shows the correct position taken by the parts A and B of the plant?
b) What type of phenomenon is exhibited by the figure by (A) in the figure (ii)?
Answer:
(a) Fig. ii shows correct position. Because roots are positively geotropic so they bends towards earth’s gravity downwards. Shoots are positively phototropic so they bend towards light i.e. move upwards.
(b) Shoot bends towards light so they exhibit positive phototropism. The movement of plant parts in response to stimulus light is called phototropism and as the shoot bends towards light so it is positive phototropism.
Question 9.
Complete the following table with the different types of tropism:
Answer:
The directional movement of plant parts in response to stimulus light is called phototropism. The directional movement of plant parts in response to stimulus earth’s gravity is called geotropism. The directional movement of plant parts in response to water is called hydrotropism. Roots bend away from light so they are negatively phototropic. Roots bend towards water and earth’s gravity so they are positively hydrotropic and geotropic respectively. Shoot bends towards light but bends away from earth’s gravity so it is positively phototropic but negatively geotropic. It shows no response to water.
Question 10.
Cover the tip of the shoot with tin foil cap and light it from the side as shown in the given picture. What would you expect to happen? Why?
Answer:
As tips of shoot are covered with tin foil cap the shoot does not show any bending towards light. Because light cannot penetrate through tin foil cap to reach shoot tip to break down auxin. Auxin are responsible for bending of shoot tip towards light.
Question 11.
In the given photosynthetic experiment, what will happen to the leaf closed with black paper in starch test? Why?
Answer:
When the portion of leaf covered with black paper is tested for starch it will show brown colouration i.e. indication of absence of starch as that portion of leaf does not receive sunlight so photosynthesis cannot occur.
Question 12.
Label the diagram with the raw materials and products of photosynthesis.
Answer:
A- water, B- carbon dioxide, C- oxygen, D- glucose
Chlorophyll containing cells in leaves trap sunlight energy and by using raw materials carbon dioxide and water synthesize glucose and release oxygen gas into atmosphere. This process is called photosynthesis.
Question 13.
Mention the differences between stomatal and lenticular transpiration.
Answer:
Question 14.
Give an example for the movement plant part which is very quick and can be observed easily.
Answer:
Thigmonastic or seismonastic movement- where when we touch the leaves of Mimosapudica plant its leaves droop down and this movement is immediate, quick and easily noticed. This is non-directional movement in response to stimulus touch.
Question 15.
To which directional stimuli do (a) roots respond (b) shoots respond?
Answer:
Roots bend towards gravity and water but bends away from light. Shoots bend towards light but away from gravity. It shows no response to water.
Question 16.
Name the cell that surrounds the stoma.
Answer:
Guard cells surround the stoma. They are bean or kidney shaped. They have thick inner walls but thin outer walls. When they become turgid the stomata opens during day time. But at night time the guard cells turn flaccid closing the stomata.
Work Book Assertion Reason
Question 1.Assertion (A): If the plant part moves in the direction of gravity, it is called positive geotropism.
Reason (R) : Stem shows positive geotropism
A. A and R are incorrect
B. A is incorrect, R is correct
C. A is correct, R is incorrect
D. Both A and R are correct
Answer:Assertion is correct. When the plant part moves in the direction of gravity i.e. root it is called positive geotropism. When the plant part shows its movement towards the stimulus it is called positive tropism.
But reason is incorrect because stem moves away from the earth’s gravity so it is called negative geotropism.
Question 2.Assertion (A): The loss of excess water from the aerial parts of the plant in the form of water vapour is known as transpiration.
Reason (R) : Stomata of the leaf perform transpiration.
A. A and R are incorrect
B. A is incorrect, R is correct
C. A is correct, R is incorrect
D. Both A and R are correct
Answer:Assertion is correct. The loss of excess water from aerial parts of the plant in the form of water vapour is known as transpiration.
Reason is also correct. Stomata are minute openings found on the surface of leaves through which water is lost in form of vapours. So transpiration process occurs through stomata.
Assertion (A): If the plant part moves in the direction of gravity, it is called positive geotropism.
Reason (R) : Stem shows positive geotropism
A. A and R are incorrect
B. A is incorrect, R is correct
C. A is correct, R is incorrect
D. Both A and R are correct
Answer:
Assertion is correct. When the plant part moves in the direction of gravity i.e. root it is called positive geotropism. When the plant part shows its movement towards the stimulus it is called positive tropism.
But reason is incorrect because stem moves away from the earth’s gravity so it is called negative geotropism.
Question 2.
Assertion (A): The loss of excess water from the aerial parts of the plant in the form of water vapour is known as transpiration.
Reason (R) : Stomata of the leaf perform transpiration.
A. A and R are incorrect
B. A is incorrect, R is correct
C. A is correct, R is incorrect
D. Both A and R are correct
Answer:
Assertion is correct. The loss of excess water from aerial parts of the plant in the form of water vapour is known as transpiration.
Reason is also correct. Stomata are minute openings found on the surface of leaves through which water is lost in form of vapours. So transpiration process occurs through stomata.
Work Book Hots
Question 1.There are 3 plants A, B and C. The flowers of A open their petals in bright light during the day but close them when it gets dark at night. On the other hand, the flowers of plant B open their petals at night but close them during the day when there is bright light. The leaves of plant C fold up and droop when touched when fingers or any other solid object.
a) Name the phenomenon shown by the flowers of plant A and B.
b) Name one flower each which behaves like the flowers of plant A and B.
c) Name the phenomenon exhibited by the leaves of plant C.
d) Name a plant whose leaves behave like those of plant C.’
Answer:a. The flowers show nastic movements i.e. photonasty. These are non-directional movement caused by stimulus light.
b. Dandelion flower [ Taraxacumofficinale ] opens up in the morning in bright light while closes its petal in dark or night time. Moon flower [ Ipomoeaalba ] opens its petals at night and closes during day time.
c. The leaves of plant C exhibit seismonasty or thigmonasty. These are non-directional movements which occur in response to touch and these are very quick.
d. Mimosapudica [touch-me-not] plant, leaves droop down immediately when slightly touched due to change in turgor pressure.
Question 2.While conducting experiments to study the effects of various stimuli on the plants, it was observed that the roots of a plant X grow and bend towards two stimuli A and B but bend away from a third stimulus C. The stem of the plant X however bends away from stimulus A and B but bends towards the stimulus C. The stimulus B is known to act on the roots due to factors related with Earth. Keeping these points in mind, answer the following questions:
a) What could be stimulus A ?
b) Name the stimulus seen in B.
c) What could be stimulus C ?
Answer:a. Stimulus A is water as roots bend towards it but shoot bends away from it. Roots are positively hydrotropic whereas shoot is negatively hydrotropic.
b. Stimulus B is gravity of earth. Roots bend towards earth gravity so it is positively geotropic whereas shoot bends away from it so it is negatively geotropic.
c. Stimulus C is light as shoot bends towards light showing positively phototropism but roots bend away from light showing negatively phototropism.
Question 3.An organism A which cannot move from one place to another makes a simple food B from the substances C and D available in the environment. The food is made in the presence of green coloured substance E present in organs F in the presence of light energy in a process called G. Some of the simple food B also gets converted into a complex food H for storage purposes. This food gives blue-black colour with iodine solution?
a) What is (i) organism A (ii) food B and food H?
b) What are C and D?
c) Name (i) green pigments E and organ F.
d) What is the process G?
Answer:a. Organism A is green plant which cannot move from one place to another. It prepares simple food B which is glucose. Complex food H is starch i.e. excess glucose is stored in form of starch in the plants.
b. C and D are carbon dioxide and water respectively which are important raw materials required for preparation of glucose by the green plants.
c. Green pigment E is chlorophyll which is found in cell organelle chloroplast. Chloroplast has disc like structures called thylakoids and in their walls chlorophyll pigment is present.
d. Process G is photosynthesis where chlorophyll containing cells in presence of light energy using raw materials carbon dioxide and water synthesize glucose and oxygen is released as by-product.
Question 4.Imagine that student A studied the importance of certain factors in photosynthesis. He took a potted plant and kept it in dark for over 24 hours. In the early hours of the next morning, he covered one of the leaves with dark paper in the centre only. Then he placed the plant in sunlight for a few hours and tested the leaf which was covered with black paper for starch.
a) What aspect of photosynthesis was being investigated?
b) Why was the plant kept in the dark before the experiment?
c) How will you prove that starch is present in the leaves?
d) What are the other raw materials for photosynthesis?
Answer:a. Sunlight is required for photosynthesis. This experiment shows that sunlight is an important factor that is required for photosynthesis. Because in absence of sunlight glucose cannot be synthesized by the leaves of the plant.
b. The plant was kept in dark for 24-48 hours to destarch the plant so that whole stored starch would be used up by the plant and it will not interfere on the experiments of photosynthesis.
c. First the leaf is placed in boiling water followed by boiling the leaf in methylated spirit which removes chlorophyll. Then iodine solution is poured over leaf. The blue-black colour will indicate the presence of starch whereas brown colour will indicate absence of starch.
d. Carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll are required for photosynthesis.
There are 3 plants A, B and C. The flowers of A open their petals in bright light during the day but close them when it gets dark at night. On the other hand, the flowers of plant B open their petals at night but close them during the day when there is bright light. The leaves of plant C fold up and droop when touched when fingers or any other solid object.
a) Name the phenomenon shown by the flowers of plant A and B.
b) Name one flower each which behaves like the flowers of plant A and B.
c) Name the phenomenon exhibited by the leaves of plant C.
d) Name a plant whose leaves behave like those of plant C.’
Answer:
a. The flowers show nastic movements i.e. photonasty. These are non-directional movement caused by stimulus light.
b. Dandelion flower [ Taraxacumofficinale ] opens up in the morning in bright light while closes its petal in dark or night time. Moon flower [ Ipomoeaalba ] opens its petals at night and closes during day time.
c. The leaves of plant C exhibit seismonasty or thigmonasty. These are non-directional movements which occur in response to touch and these are very quick.
d. Mimosapudica [touch-me-not] plant, leaves droop down immediately when slightly touched due to change in turgor pressure.
Question 2.
While conducting experiments to study the effects of various stimuli on the plants, it was observed that the roots of a plant X grow and bend towards two stimuli A and B but bend away from a third stimulus C. The stem of the plant X however bends away from stimulus A and B but bends towards the stimulus C. The stimulus B is known to act on the roots due to factors related with Earth. Keeping these points in mind, answer the following questions:
a) What could be stimulus A ?
b) Name the stimulus seen in B.
c) What could be stimulus C ?
Answer:
a. Stimulus A is water as roots bend towards it but shoot bends away from it. Roots are positively hydrotropic whereas shoot is negatively hydrotropic.
b. Stimulus B is gravity of earth. Roots bend towards earth gravity so it is positively geotropic whereas shoot bends away from it so it is negatively geotropic.
c. Stimulus C is light as shoot bends towards light showing positively phototropism but roots bend away from light showing negatively phototropism.
Question 3.
An organism A which cannot move from one place to another makes a simple food B from the substances C and D available in the environment. The food is made in the presence of green coloured substance E present in organs F in the presence of light energy in a process called G. Some of the simple food B also gets converted into a complex food H for storage purposes. This food gives blue-black colour with iodine solution?
a) What is (i) organism A (ii) food B and food H?
b) What are C and D?
c) Name (i) green pigments E and organ F.
d) What is the process G?
Answer:
a. Organism A is green plant which cannot move from one place to another. It prepares simple food B which is glucose. Complex food H is starch i.e. excess glucose is stored in form of starch in the plants.
b. C and D are carbon dioxide and water respectively which are important raw materials required for preparation of glucose by the green plants.
c. Green pigment E is chlorophyll which is found in cell organelle chloroplast. Chloroplast has disc like structures called thylakoids and in their walls chlorophyll pigment is present.
d. Process G is photosynthesis where chlorophyll containing cells in presence of light energy using raw materials carbon dioxide and water synthesize glucose and oxygen is released as by-product.
Question 4.
Imagine that student A studied the importance of certain factors in photosynthesis. He took a potted plant and kept it in dark for over 24 hours. In the early hours of the next morning, he covered one of the leaves with dark paper in the centre only. Then he placed the plant in sunlight for a few hours and tested the leaf which was covered with black paper for starch.
a) What aspect of photosynthesis was being investigated?
b) Why was the plant kept in the dark before the experiment?
c) How will you prove that starch is present in the leaves?
d) What are the other raw materials for photosynthesis?
Answer:
a. Sunlight is required for photosynthesis. This experiment shows that sunlight is an important factor that is required for photosynthesis. Because in absence of sunlight glucose cannot be synthesized by the leaves of the plant.
b. The plant was kept in dark for 24-48 hours to destarch the plant so that whole stored starch would be used up by the plant and it will not interfere on the experiments of photosynthesis.
c. First the leaf is placed in boiling water followed by boiling the leaf in methylated spirit which removes chlorophyll. Then iodine solution is poured over leaf. The blue-black colour will indicate the presence of starch whereas brown colour will indicate absence of starch.
d. Carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll are required for photosynthesis.
True Or False
Question 1.The response of a plant part to the chemical stimulus is called phototropism.
Answer:False
The response of a plant part to the chemical stimulus is called chemotropism.
The growth of pollen tube down the style to reach ovary in response to the sugars secreted by style is an example of chemotropism.
Question 2.Shoot is positively phototropic and negatively geotropic.
Answer:True
Shoot is positively phototropic i.e. it bends towards light so it is a positive response towards the stimulus light. Shoot bends away from gravity of earth so it is negatively geotropic i.e. negative response towards the stimulus earth’s gravity.
Question 3.Scientific term used to represent the bending of roots towards water is called geotropism.
Answer:False
Scientific term used to represent the bending of roots towards water is called hydrotropism.
The bending of roots towards water is an example of hydrotropism.
Question 4.Joseph Priestley devised an experiment to find out that water alone was the cause of the increase in the weight of the plant.
Answer:False
Jan Baptist van Helmont devised an experiment to find out that water alone was the cause of the increase in the weight of the plant.
He weighed the dry soil, then he weighed the small sapling and placed in the pot allowing only air and light and he regularly watered the plant. When sapling grows into a small tree again he weighed the plant. He found in increase of weight of the plant. He dried the soil in the pot in which sapling grew and took the weight of dried soil. He found very less difference in the weight of the soil before planting the sapling and after sapling grew into a small plant. So he came into conclusion that water was the cause of increase in weight of the plant.
Question 5.When the weather is hot, water evaporates lesser which is due to opening of stomata.
Answer:False
When weather is hot, water evaporates faster due to opening of stomata.
During day time it is hotter due to heat rays of sun and stomata are open at that time so more water is lost through these openings.
The response of a plant part to the chemical stimulus is called phototropism.
Answer:
False
The response of a plant part to the chemical stimulus is called chemotropism.
The growth of pollen tube down the style to reach ovary in response to the sugars secreted by style is an example of chemotropism.
Question 2.
Shoot is positively phototropic and negatively geotropic.
Answer:
True
Shoot is positively phototropic i.e. it bends towards light so it is a positive response towards the stimulus light. Shoot bends away from gravity of earth so it is negatively geotropic i.e. negative response towards the stimulus earth’s gravity.
Question 3.
Scientific term used to represent the bending of roots towards water is called geotropism.
Answer:
False
Scientific term used to represent the bending of roots towards water is called hydrotropism.
The bending of roots towards water is an example of hydrotropism.
Question 4.
Joseph Priestley devised an experiment to find out that water alone was the cause of the increase in the weight of the plant.
Answer:
False
Jan Baptist van Helmont devised an experiment to find out that water alone was the cause of the increase in the weight of the plant.
He weighed the dry soil, then he weighed the small sapling and placed in the pot allowing only air and light and he regularly watered the plant. When sapling grows into a small tree again he weighed the plant. He found in increase of weight of the plant. He dried the soil in the pot in which sapling grew and took the weight of dried soil. He found very less difference in the weight of the soil before planting the sapling and after sapling grew into a small plant. So he came into conclusion that water was the cause of increase in weight of the plant.
Question 5.
When the weather is hot, water evaporates lesser which is due to opening of stomata.
Answer:
False
When weather is hot, water evaporates faster due to opening of stomata.
During day time it is hotter due to heat rays of sun and stomata are open at that time so more water is lost through these openings.
Fill In The Blanks
Question 1.The shoot system grows upward in response to ___________
Answer:Light
Shoot grows towards light so it moves upwards in response to stimulus light and this response towards stimulus light is called phototropism.
Question 2.__________ is positively hydrotropic as well as positively geotropic.
Answer:Root
Roots show its growth towards earth’s gravity as well as water so it is positively geotropic as well as positively hydrotropic.
Question 3.The green pigment present in the plant is __________
Answer:Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a green pigment is present in the mesophyll cells of leaves which traps sunlight energy that is required for photosynthesis process.
Question 4.The minerals like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, are required in substantial quantity by the plants are called ___________
Answer:Macronutrient
The minerals like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are required in more quantities by plants and hence are known as macronutrients. Other examples of macronutrients include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium, magnesium etc.
The shoot system grows upward in response to ___________
Answer:
Light
Shoot grows towards light so it moves upwards in response to stimulus light and this response towards stimulus light is called phototropism.
Question 2.
__________ is positively hydrotropic as well as positively geotropic.
Answer:
Root
Roots show its growth towards earth’s gravity as well as water so it is positively geotropic as well as positively hydrotropic.
Question 3.
The green pigment present in the plant is __________
Answer:
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a green pigment is present in the mesophyll cells of leaves which traps sunlight energy that is required for photosynthesis process.
Question 4.
The minerals like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, are required in substantial quantity by the plants are called ___________
Answer:
Macronutrient
The minerals like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are required in more quantities by plants and hence are known as macronutrients. Other examples of macronutrients include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium, magnesium etc.
Match The Following
Question 1.Match column A with column B
Answer:
Match column A with column B
Answer:
Analog
Question 1.Towards a stimulus :_____________ Away from the stimulus : Negative tropism
Answer:Positive tropism
The directional movement of plant parts towards a stimulus is positive tropism.
Question 2.Hydrotropism : Response towards water Phototropism :
___________
Answer:Response towards light
The directional movement of plant parts in response to stimulus light is called phototropism.
Question 3.Photosynthesis : ____________ Transpiration : Stomata
Answer:Chloroplast
Chloroplast contains green pigment chlorophyll which traps sunlight energy to perform photosynthesis.
Towards a stimulus :_____________ Away from the stimulus : Negative tropism
Answer:
Positive tropism
The directional movement of plant parts towards a stimulus is positive tropism.
Question 2.
Hydrotropism : Response towards water Phototropism :
___________
Answer:
Response towards light
The directional movement of plant parts in response to stimulus light is called phototropism.
Question 3.
Photosynthesis : ____________ Transpiration : Stomata
Answer:
Chloroplast
Chloroplast contains green pigment chlorophyll which traps sunlight energy to perform photosynthesis.
Answer In A Word Or Two
Question 1.Give an example for a plant whose leaf shows a mesmerizing movement.
Answer:Dance of Desmodiumgyrans i.e. Indian telegraph plant leaf shows a mesmerizing movement.
It is also called dancing plant as the leaflets move up, back and then down finally back to its original position showing rhythmic movement. This plant was first used by Indian Scientist J.C. Bose for his experiment.
Question 2.Write the scientific terms used to represent the following:
a) Growing of roots towards the gravity.
b) Bending of roots towards the water.
Answer:a. Positive geotropism
Roots grow towards gravity of earth so it is positively geotropic.
b. Hydrotropism
Roots bend towards water showing positively hydrotropic movements.
Question 3.Observe the given picture.
a) Identify this plant. What type of special movement is shown by this plant?
b) What are the other movements seen in this plant?
Answer:(a) The plant in the above figure is Mimosapudica. When we touch the leaves of this plant the leaves fold up and droop down and this type of movement is known as seismonasty or thigmonasty.
(b) This plant shows nastic movement i.e. it is not a directional movement of the plant part with response to the stimulus. Whatever the direction of stimulus may be it affects all parts of plant equally. When we touch the leaves of this plant due to loss of turgor pressure its leaves droop down.
Question 4.What is the end product of photosynthesis?
Answer:The end product of photosynthesis are glucose, oxygen, water. Glucose is utilized by plants or it is stored in form of starch. Oxygen is released into environment through stomata. Water is reutilized for photosynthesis process.
Question 5.Name the minute openings seen on the lower surface of the leaf.
Answer:Stomata are minute openings found on the lower surface of the leaf through which exchange of gases occurs and water is also lost in form of vapours.
Give an example for a plant whose leaf shows a mesmerizing movement.
Answer:
Dance of Desmodiumgyrans i.e. Indian telegraph plant leaf shows a mesmerizing movement.
It is also called dancing plant as the leaflets move up, back and then down finally back to its original position showing rhythmic movement. This plant was first used by Indian Scientist J.C. Bose for his experiment.
Question 2.
Write the scientific terms used to represent the following:
a) Growing of roots towards the gravity.
b) Bending of roots towards the water.
Answer:
a. Positive geotropism
Roots grow towards gravity of earth so it is positively geotropic.
b. Hydrotropism
Roots bend towards water showing positively hydrotropic movements.
Question 3.
Observe the given picture.
a) Identify this plant. What type of special movement is shown by this plant?
b) What are the other movements seen in this plant?
Answer:
(a) The plant in the above figure is Mimosapudica. When we touch the leaves of this plant the leaves fold up and droop down and this type of movement is known as seismonasty or thigmonasty.
(b) This plant shows nastic movement i.e. it is not a directional movement of the plant part with response to the stimulus. Whatever the direction of stimulus may be it affects all parts of plant equally. When we touch the leaves of this plant due to loss of turgor pressure its leaves droop down.
Question 4.
What is the end product of photosynthesis?
Answer:
The end product of photosynthesis are glucose, oxygen, water. Glucose is utilized by plants or it is stored in form of starch. Oxygen is released into environment through stomata. Water is reutilized for photosynthesis process.
Question 5.
Name the minute openings seen on the lower surface of the leaf.
Answer:
Stomata are minute openings found on the lower surface of the leaf through which exchange of gases occurs and water is also lost in form of vapours.
Answer The Following In One Or Two Sentences
Question 1.What is nastic movement?
Answer:The movement of plant part in response to an external stimulus in which the direction of response is not determined by the direction of stimulus is known as nastic movement. Nastic movement may or may not be growth movement. Examples- Drooping down of leaves of Touch-me-not plant when slightly touched.
Question 2.Name the plant part
a) Which bends in the direction of gravity but away from the light.
b) Which bends towards light but away from the force of gravity.
Answer:a. Root bends towards gravity of earth i.e. it is positively geotropic but it bend away from light so it is negatively phototropic.
b. Shoot bends towards light i.e. positively phototropic but bends away from gravity of earth so negatively geotropic.
Question 3.Differentiate phototropism from photonasty.
Answer:
Question 4.Photosynthesis converts energy X into energy Y.
a) What are X and Y?
b) Green plants are autotrophic in their mode of nutrition. Why?
Answer:a. X is light energy and Y is chemical energy.
The sunlight energy is trapped by chlorophyll and is used in photosynthesis process. By using raw materials carbon dioxide and water in presence of light energy, glucose and oxygen are produced. The whole process occurs in chloroplasts. Glucose is a chemical compound so light energy is converted into chemical energy.
b. Plants can prepare their own food, they do not depend upon others for food. They have chlorophyll pigment which can trap sunlight energy and by using carbon dioxide and water they produce glucose. So they are autotrophic in nature.
Question 5.Define transpiration.
Answer:Transpiration is the process of loss of water in form of water vapour from aerial parts of the plant.
There are three types of transpiration i.e. cuticular- where water is lost from cuticle of leaves, stomatal transpiration- where water is lost from stomata, lenticular transpiration- where water is lost from lenticels.
What is nastic movement?
Answer:
The movement of plant part in response to an external stimulus in which the direction of response is not determined by the direction of stimulus is known as nastic movement. Nastic movement may or may not be growth movement. Examples- Drooping down of leaves of Touch-me-not plant when slightly touched.
Question 2.
Name the plant part
a) Which bends in the direction of gravity but away from the light.
b) Which bends towards light but away from the force of gravity.
Answer:
a. Root bends towards gravity of earth i.e. it is positively geotropic but it bend away from light so it is negatively phototropic.
b. Shoot bends towards light i.e. positively phototropic but bends away from gravity of earth so negatively geotropic.
Question 3.
Differentiate phototropism from photonasty.
Answer:
Question 4.
Photosynthesis converts energy X into energy Y.
a) What are X and Y?
b) Green plants are autotrophic in their mode of nutrition. Why?
Answer:
a. X is light energy and Y is chemical energy.
The sunlight energy is trapped by chlorophyll and is used in photosynthesis process. By using raw materials carbon dioxide and water in presence of light energy, glucose and oxygen are produced. The whole process occurs in chloroplasts. Glucose is a chemical compound so light energy is converted into chemical energy.
b. Plants can prepare their own food, they do not depend upon others for food. They have chlorophyll pigment which can trap sunlight energy and by using carbon dioxide and water they produce glucose. So they are autotrophic in nature.
Question 5.
Define transpiration.
Answer:
Transpiration is the process of loss of water in form of water vapour from aerial parts of the plant.
There are three types of transpiration i.e. cuticular- where water is lost from cuticle of leaves, stomatal transpiration- where water is lost from stomata, lenticular transpiration- where water is lost from lenticels.
Answer In Detail
Question 1.Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism.
Answer:The orientation of plant part in response to water is called hydrotropism.
Activity to demonstrate hydrotropism:
Two glass troughs A and B were taken. Both the troughs were filled with soil upto two-third level. A tiny seedling was placed in both the troughs. A small clay pot with soil was placed in trough B. In trough A water was added uniformly to the soil but in trough B water was put only in small clay pot.
Observations: After few days it was noticed that in trough A roots of the seedlings had grown straight as water is added uniformly to the soil. But in trough B roots of seedling had grown in the direction towards the clay pot because water is contained in the clay pot. This shows that roots of plant shows its growth in the direction of water.
Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism.
Answer:
The orientation of plant part in response to water is called hydrotropism.
Activity to demonstrate hydrotropism:
Two glass troughs A and B were taken. Both the troughs were filled with soil upto two-third level. A tiny seedling was placed in both the troughs. A small clay pot with soil was placed in trough B. In trough A water was added uniformly to the soil but in trough B water was put only in small clay pot.
Observations: After few days it was noticed that in trough A roots of the seedlings had grown straight as water is added uniformly to the soil. But in trough B roots of seedling had grown in the direction towards the clay pot because water is contained in the clay pot. This shows that roots of plant shows its growth in the direction of water.
Work Book Mcq
Question 1.The bending of root of a plant in response to water is called __________.
A. thigmonasty
B. phototropism
C. hydrotropism
D. photonasty
Answer:Hydrotropism is the directional movement or orientation of plant part in response to stimulus water. Bending of roots of the plants towards water is an example of positive hydrotropism.
Question 2.A growing seedling is kept in the dark room. A burning candle is placed near it for a few days. The top part of the seedling bends towards the burning candle. This is an example of ____________.
A. chemotropism
B. thigmotropism
C. phototropism
D. geotropism
Answer:Phototropism is the directional movement or orientation of plant part in response to stimulus light. As the top part of seedling i.e. plumule bends towards light so it shows positive phototropism.
Question 3.The root of the plant is __________.
i) positively phototropic but negatively geotropic
ii) positively geotropic but negatively phototropic
iii) negatively phototropic but positively hydrotropic
iv) negatively hydrotropic but positively phototropic
A. (i) and (ii)
B. (ii) and (iii)
C. (iii) and (iv)
D. (i) and (iv)
Answer:Root of plant bends towards earth’s gravity so it is positively geotropic but it bends away from light so it is negatively phototropic. Roots of plants bend towards water so it is positively hydrotropic.
Question 4.The plant part which exhibits negative geotropism is __________.
A. root
B. stem
C. branch
D. leaves
Answer:Stem bends away from earth’s gravity so it exhibits negative geotropism.
Question 5.The non-directional movement of a plant part in response to temperature is called ________.
A. thermotropism
B. Thermonasty
C. chemotropism
D. thigmonasty
Answer:The non-directional movement of plant part in response to temperature is called thermonasty. The position of flowers and leaves of plants changes in response to temperature of surroundings which are called thermonastic movements.
Question 6.Dandelion flowers open the petals in bright light during the day time but close the petals in dark at night. This response of Dandelion flowers is called ___________.
A. geonasty
B. thigmonasty
C. chemonasty
D. photonasty
Answer:The position of plant part changes in response to the stimulus light but these are non-directional movements and do not involve growth which is known as photonastic movement. Dandelion flower open their petals in bright light during day time and closes their petals during night time.
Question 7.During photosynthesis plants exhale ________.
A. Carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. hydrogen
D. helium
Answer:Oxygen is given as a by-product from the plants by photosynthesis process. They take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during preparation of glucose by the cells containing chlorophyll mainly in leaves.
Question 8.Chlorophyll in a leaf is required for __________.
A. photosynthesis
B. transpiration
C. tropic movement
D. nastic movement
Answer:Chlorophyll pigment is present within chloroplasts which traps sunlight energy and by using raw materials carbon dioxide and water, the leaves prepare glucose and release oxygen into the environment. This process is called photosynthesis.
Question 9.A plant is kept in a dark room for about 24 hours before conducting any experiment on photosynthesis in order to _______.
A. remove chlorophyll from the leaf
B. remove starch from the leaves
C. ensure that photosynthesis occurred
D. to prove transpiration
Answer:When a plant is kept in dark it cannot perform photosynthesis process so it will used up the stored starch. Hence when a plant is kept in dark for more than 24 hours the stored starch will be used up by the plant, which will not interfere with the photosynthesis experiments.
Question 10.Transpiration takes place through _____________.
A. fruit
B. seed
C. flower
D. stomata
Answer:Stomata are the minute openings found on the surface of leaves through which water is lost in form of vapours to the atmosphere. This process is called transpiration.
The bending of root of a plant in response to water is called __________.
A. thigmonasty
B. phototropism
C. hydrotropism
D. photonasty
Answer:
Hydrotropism is the directional movement or orientation of plant part in response to stimulus water. Bending of roots of the plants towards water is an example of positive hydrotropism.
Question 2.
A growing seedling is kept in the dark room. A burning candle is placed near it for a few days. The top part of the seedling bends towards the burning candle. This is an example of ____________.
A. chemotropism
B. thigmotropism
C. phototropism
D. geotropism
Answer:
Phototropism is the directional movement or orientation of plant part in response to stimulus light. As the top part of seedling i.e. plumule bends towards light so it shows positive phototropism.
Question 3.
The root of the plant is __________.
i) positively phototropic but negatively geotropic
ii) positively geotropic but negatively phototropic
iii) negatively phototropic but positively hydrotropic
iv) negatively hydrotropic but positively phototropic
A. (i) and (ii)
B. (ii) and (iii)
C. (iii) and (iv)
D. (i) and (iv)
Answer:
Root of plant bends towards earth’s gravity so it is positively geotropic but it bends away from light so it is negatively phototropic. Roots of plants bend towards water so it is positively hydrotropic.
Question 4.
The plant part which exhibits negative geotropism is __________.
A. root
B. stem
C. branch
D. leaves
Answer:
Stem bends away from earth’s gravity so it exhibits negative geotropism.
Question 5.
The non-directional movement of a plant part in response to temperature is called ________.
A. thermotropism
B. Thermonasty
C. chemotropism
D. thigmonasty
Answer:
The non-directional movement of plant part in response to temperature is called thermonasty. The position of flowers and leaves of plants changes in response to temperature of surroundings which are called thermonastic movements.
Question 6.
Dandelion flowers open the petals in bright light during the day time but close the petals in dark at night. This response of Dandelion flowers is called ___________.
A. geonasty
B. thigmonasty
C. chemonasty
D. photonasty
Answer:
The position of plant part changes in response to the stimulus light but these are non-directional movements and do not involve growth which is known as photonastic movement. Dandelion flower open their petals in bright light during day time and closes their petals during night time.
Question 7.
During photosynthesis plants exhale ________.
A. Carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. hydrogen
D. helium
Answer:
Oxygen is given as a by-product from the plants by photosynthesis process. They take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during preparation of glucose by the cells containing chlorophyll mainly in leaves.
Question 8.
Chlorophyll in a leaf is required for __________.
A. photosynthesis
B. transpiration
C. tropic movement
D. nastic movement
Answer:
Chlorophyll pigment is present within chloroplasts which traps sunlight energy and by using raw materials carbon dioxide and water, the leaves prepare glucose and release oxygen into the environment. This process is called photosynthesis.
Question 9.
A plant is kept in a dark room for about 24 hours before conducting any experiment on photosynthesis in order to _______.
A. remove chlorophyll from the leaf
B. remove starch from the leaves
C. ensure that photosynthesis occurred
D. to prove transpiration
Answer:
When a plant is kept in dark it cannot perform photosynthesis process so it will used up the stored starch. Hence when a plant is kept in dark for more than 24 hours the stored starch will be used up by the plant, which will not interfere with the photosynthesis experiments.
Question 10.
Transpiration takes place through _____________.
A. fruit
B. seed
C. flower
D. stomata
Answer:
Stomata are the minute openings found on the surface of leaves through which water is lost in form of vapours to the atmosphere. This process is called transpiration.